1U.S. Government, 1880 U.S. Census, PA, Carbon Co., Lower Towamensing Twp., NARA FILM T9-1108/ Pg. 470A, Family History Library, 35 North West Temple St., Salt Lake City, UT 84150, USA, Film # 1255108.
2U.S. Government, 1870 U.S. Census, PA, Carbon Co., Lower Towamensing Twp., Lehigh Gap, p. 146A, PN 3, 18/20, Family History Library, 35 North West Temple St., Salt Lake City, UT 84150, USA.