James II STUART King of England
He was exiled in France. Buried: Church of the English Benedictines, Paris; later transferred to St. Germain-en-Laye. Left the country 11 Dec. 1688 and was declared by Parliament (28 Jan 1689) to have abdicated on that day. However, he remained de facto King of Ireland until his defeat at the Battle of the Boyne 1 July 1690. James II converted to Catholicism.
The Oxford Illustrated History of the British Monarchy, by John Cannon and Ralph Griffiths. Was King from 1685 to 1688.
They were married secretly at first on 24 Nov. 1659 and publicly 3 Sep 1660.
James II STUART King of England
He was exiled in France. Buried: Church of the English Benedictines, Paris; later transferred to St. Germain-en-Laye. Left the country 11 Dec. 1688 and was declared by Parliament (28 Jan 1689) to have abdicated on that day. However, he remained de facto King of Ireland until his defeat at the Battle of the Boyne 1 July 1690. James II converted to Catholicism.
The Oxford Illustrated History of the British Monarchy, by John Cannon and Ralph Griffiths. Was King from 1685 to 1688.
Mary of Modena; First married by proxy in Modena 30 Sep 1673. Married in
person Dover 21 Nov 1673. Only daughter of Alfonso IV (d'Este), Duke of Modena,
and Laura Mortinozzi.
Charles I STUART King of England
Charles I, Acceded 27 March 1625. Crowned in England: Westminster Abbey 2 Feb 1626. Crowned in Scotland: Edinburgh, 18 June 1633. Married: (proxy) Paris 1 May 1625; (in person) Caterbury, 13 June 1625. King of England, Scotland and Ireland (1625-49), who was deposed and executed during the English Revolution.
Charles believed in the divine right of kings and in the authority of the Church of England. These beliefs soon brought him into conflict with
Parliament and ultimately led to civil war. He dismissed Parliament and
governed without it for 11 years. During this time forced loans, poundage,
tonnage, ship money and other extraordinary financial measures were sanctioned to meet governmental expenses. Parliament appointed a court to try the king, but Charles refused to recognize the authority of the court. On January 27, 1649, he was sentenced to death as a tyrant, murderer and enemy of the nation.
Scotland protested, the royal family entreated and France and the Netherlands interceded, in vain. He was beheaded outside Whithall Palace in London.
Subsequently Oliver Cromwell became chairman of the council of state, a
parliamentary agency that governed England as a republic.
3rd and youngest dau. of Henry IV, King of France and Navarre, and his 2nd wife Marie de'Medici. Henrietta Maria was a little over fourteen when negoitations for her marriage to Charles, Prince of Wales, were opened in 1624.
Charles James STUART Duke of Cornwall
The Oxford Illustrated History of the British Monarchy, by John Cannon and Ralph Griffiths.
William III of Orange STUART King of England
William III ruled jointly with Mary II 1689-1694; then alone 1694-1702.
William accepted the Declaration of Rights passed by the Convention Parliament,
which met on Jan. 22, 1689, and on February 13, William and Mary were
proclaimed joint sovereigns of England.
In February 1702 William was riding at Hamton Court when his horse stumbled on
a mole hill and threw him, breaking his collar bone. After it had been set, he
insisted on returning to Kensington Palace by coach, which aggravated his
condition. He became feverish some days later and was put to bed but died of
pleuro-pneumonia a few days later on 8 March 1702. The Jabobites toasted the
"little gentleman in black velvet" (the mole) who had brought about the death
of their enemy.
Proclaimed: 13 Feb 1689 (Joint sovereign with her husband)
Crowned: Westminster Abbey 11 Apr 1689. Mary died of small pox on 28 December
1694 at the age of thirty-two. Her funeral at Westminster Abbey was attended
by both Houses of Parliament, a unique occurrence as up till then the Parliament
had always been dissolved on the death of a sovereign.
James Francis Edward STUART Prince of Wales
Later the Jacobite James III, known to posterity as "The Old Pretender".
His first marriage (by proxy) was in Bologna on 19 May 1719. Later (in person) on 3 Sep. 1719.
Maria Casimire Clementina SOBIESKA
Daughter of Prince James Louis Sobieski and granddaughter of John III King of
Poland. aka: Mary Clementina of Poland.
Henry Benedict Thomas STUART Duke of York
Henry Benedict Thomas Edward Maria Clement Francis Xavier, styled Duke of York, later a Cardinal and the Jacobite Henry IX; last of the Royal House of
Stuart. Known as Cardinal of York.The Oxford Illustrated History of the British Monarchy, by John Cannon and Ralph Griffiths.
Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Silvester Maria, later the Jacobite Charles
III, known to posterity as "The Young Pretender" and "Bonnie Prince Charlie".
Louise MAXIMILIENNE Caroline of Stolberg
Dau. of Gustavus Adolphus, Prince of Stolberg-Gedern; no legitimate issue.
Full name: Louise Maximilienne Caroline Emanuele; aka: Louise of Stolberg
Gedern and Louisa Maximiliana.
James I of England, or James VI of Scotland. 1603-1618
Acceded in Scotland: 24 July 1567; Crwoned in Scotland: Stirling 29 July 1567.Acceded: 24 March 1603. Crowned: Westminster Abbey 25 July 1603. Married:
(proxy) Kronborg 20 Aug 1589, (in person) Oslo 23 November 1589 and again
Kronborg 21 Jan 1590. James convoked the Hampton Court Conference (1604) at
which he authorized a new translation of the Bible, genreally called the King
James Version. aka: James VI of Scotland.The Oxford Illustrated History of the British Monarchy, by John Cannon and Ralph Griffiths. King from 1603 to 1625.
Anne, 2nd dau. of Frederick II, King of Denmark and Norway and Sophia of
Mecklenburg-Gustrow. Married: (proxy) Kronborg 20 Aug. 1589; (in person) Oslo
23 Nov 1589 and again Kronborg 21 Jan 1590. Crowned in Scotland: Holyrood 17
May 1590. Crowned in England: Westminster Abbey 25 July 1603.
Stillborn infant.
Infant death.
Frederick V, Elector Palatine of the Rhine, King of Bohemia 1619-20 (the Winter King) had issue, of whom the youngest daughter, Sophia, became the mother of King George I. Of the Luxemburg Dynasty.
The Oxford Illustrated History of the British Monarchy, by John Cannon and Ralph Griffiths.
aka: Rupert of the Rhine
Drowned
Charles II STUART King of England
Acceded 30 Jan 1649; Crowned in Scotland: Scone 1 Jan 1651; Restored 29 May
1660; Crowned in England: Westminster Abbey 23 Apr 1661. His reign marked a
period of relative stabilty after the upheaval of the English Revolution. Noted for subservience and insistence on royal prerogative, his first Parliament was overwhelmingly Royalist and gave him free rein. Although a member of the Anglican Church, Charles received the last rites of the Roman Catholic Church. He was succeeded by his brother, James II.From Quaker Roots, Internet, by Standcedargrove@aol.com 14 Feb 2003
King Charles II assumed the throne of England in 1660 and reigned until his death in 1685. The Quaker movement became a significant force in 1652, during the period of relative religious toleration under the Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell. Although there was much persecution of Quakers in various localities in the Cromwellian period, itis my understanding that there was not extensive persecution on a national level. Oliver Cromwell was inclind to put up with the Quakers, although George Fox was not reticent about criticizing Cromwell.
It was only after the Restoration of the STUART dynasty that widescale Quaker imprisonment began. As I recall, the first great imprisonment was in 1662, and persecutions continued intermittently until well into the 1680's. Although Charles II was rather a playboy King and did not involve himself too much in this persecution, and although he did put an end to the hanging of Quakers in Massachusetts, yet the parlimentary and eclesiastical authorities in power in London carried on a continuing anti Quaker campaign. In 1689, when William and Mary came to the throne, there seemed to be a more tolerant policy, although in some localities Quakers continued to suffer for such things as non-payment of tithes for many years.
Herbert Standing, 1806 Bear Creek Rd., Earlham, IA 50072
Catherine Henrietta. Catherine was a Portuguese princess. Charles married her mainly for her large dowry.